training

A Guide To Strength & Conditioning For Combat Sports

August 2, 2023

When people think about strength and conditioning for combat sports they think of, well… they think of Rocky.

But if you get them to focus on real world boxing, people typically think of the lean, lithe bodies of lightweight champions like Manny Pacquiao and Vasyl Lomachenko or the stocky muscular physiques of heavyweights like Mike Tyson and Jack Dempsey. However, when talking about great boxing physiques few people think of Tyson Fury. At the time of writing Fury is the WBC heavyweight champion and undisputedly one of the greatest boxers of all time but the Gypsy King’s physical appearance is more what people associate with a divorced dad trying to pull himself together than an elite athlete at the top of his game. This is brought up not to take a crack at Fury’s appearance but, rather, to highlight the important point that strength and conditioning is about developing fitness and fitness is the efficient ability to perform a specific task. If we are talking about fitness it’s important not to get distracted by aesthetics. We are interested in how well we do the task not how good we look doing it.

So, if your current focus is on developing your sport specific fitness, it’s fortunate that combat sports have lots of options for improving your fitness while also developing your skills. Pad work, Partner work, Shadow work, Speed drills and Sparring can all easily be tweaked to focus on developing your conditioning.

Notice that things like running, push ups, squats and burpees are entirely absent from this list. Remember that you are a martial artist first and foremost so the majority of your time should be spent practicing your martial art. It isn’t that these exercises are without value, it’s just that they are not directly related to the activity to which are trying to specifically condition ourselves. Specific strength and conditioning is built on the mats and general strength and conditioning is built in the weights room.

While the best kind of strength and conditioning for a specific task is always the task itself, if you want to maximise your training and performance, some time in the weight room is invaluable for developing high end strength and power. Unfortunately, in the martial arts community, strength and conditioning has a strong tendency to morph into conditioning and conditioning. Don’t misunderstand me – conditioning is very important in any competitive combat sport but it is often emphasised to the point where other vital qualities are diminished. As a general rule 80 to 90% of your time training for a martial art should be spent actively doing the martial art. So, if we are only going to spend 10% to 20% of our training time developing our general physical qualities, we need to prioritise:

Strength & Power.
Aerobic baseline conditioning.
Additional Anaerobic conditioning if recovery allows.

When programming strength & conditioning the question should not be “how much can I do?” but rather “what can I recover from and still make progress?” If your S & C training interferes with your sport specific training you should re-examine your priorities. It is your capacity to recover, rather than your capacity to work, that determines the volume, intensity and density of your strength & conditioning training.

As for how to determine the actual nuts and bolts of a program designed to complement martial arts practice the very best way would be to hire a strength coach who understands the demands, listen carefully to what they recommend and then – this is the important part – actually go do it.

Failing that, here are some general guidelines.

First a combat athlete needs to be strong… for a combat athlete . A combat athlete doesn’t need to be strong when compared to a powerlifter or a gymnast; they need to be strong according to the needs of their art. This means strength training with a particular emphasis on developing your power to weight ratio, power endurance and mid section stability. Exercise selection should centre on large, multi joint movements that allow a focus on tension and speed over pump and burn.

Depending on your schedule and personal recovery capabilities you should be looking to program strength training somewhere between two and five sessions per week. Ideally your weekly volume should be around the same regardless of how many sessions you perform. More frequent training means shorter sessions with reduced volume and less frequent training should result in longer sessions with greater volume.

Next, we should address our aerobic baseline conditioning. Aerobic baseline conditioning is essentially your non specific cardio vascular fitness and it plays an important roll in your ability to recover both between rounds and after more intense bursts of energy. Aerobic training needs to follow the Goldilocks rule – not too easy and not too hard, it’s got to be “just right.” Go too hard and you end up working your anaerobic energy systems but go too easy and you won’t get a training effect at all.

To determine your ideal heart rate zone for aerobic training use the following formula:

Max Heart Rate

180 minus your age – if you’re hitting this you need to ease up.

Minimum Heart Rate

160 minus your age – if you’re hitting this you need to get back to work.

Because aerobic baseline conditioning is non-specific we are not limited in how we achieve our goal heart rate. So while you can simply go running I would encourage you to explore alternatives with fewer downsides and more secondary benefits; kettlebell swings, prowler work, rucking, belt squat marches and hot yoga are all excellent options. You’ll need to do 1 to 3 sessions per week and each session should be between 20 and 90 minutes long.

Incidentally, using these numbers keeps workouts repeatable and repeatable is probably the most important key to longevity in training and competition.

Finally we look at additional anaerobic conditioning. This is usually where most fighters’ strength and conditioning training starts and ends; hammering the Glycolytic energy pathway, bathing their muscles in lactic acid, puking on the floor and then wondering why their skill training isn’t going very well. Anaerobic conditioning training is an important part of any program which aims to maximise your combat sport performance – just not in the volume typically seen. Most people who train regularly only really need one anaerobic conditioning focused workout per fortnight; maybe one per week if they have excellent recovery or are in a period of lessened activity. Anaerobic conditioning is also far more specific in effect when compared to training for general strength, power and aerobic conditioning and so more care needs to be taken in exercise selection in order to get the most benefit. When in doubt go for simple, multi joint exercises that emphasise either hip drive or upper body push/pull along the X/Y axis. Also, remember that this additional anaerobic conditioning should be the first thing to go if you’re having trouble recovering or if it’s negatively impacting your sport performance.

So put together what does this all look like? An amateur athlete aiming to get the most out of their training would have a schedule along the lines of the following:

Martial Arts practice four to six days a week.

Strength practice two to five days a week.

Aerobic baseline conditioning one to three days a week.

Anaerobic conditioning once a fortnight.

It might not be as cool as the training montage you’ll see in a Rocky film but a montage only lasts 30 seconds. Training like this will last you a life time.

Power Up Your BJJ Skill Development With Personal Challenges.

April 4, 2023

Setting a personal challenge is a fun and adaptable method of focusing skill development to a specific area without moving away from the greater task.

There are three key steps to successfully creating a personal challenge:

Set a challenge.
Set a time frame.
Set stakes.

Set a Challenge

A good personal challenge can be anything that narrows your focus during sparring without taking away from the general focus of that sparring session. Some of the most effective challenges that I have tried in the past include:

Only attack submissions from certain positions (eg. You can only attack from mount).

Limit yourself to certain categories of submissions (eg. armlocks only).

Don’t get scored on at all.

Score first in every match.

Score a point every thirty seconds (great for cardio).

Set a Time Frame

Your challenge should have a clearly defined start and end.

One session.

One week.

Three months.

Strange as it seems time frames that run longer than one week but less than three months aren’t particularly useful. Challenges that focus on behavioural habit setting (ie. score first, score every 30 seconds) are best done over shorter periods and undertaken frequently throughout the year. Regular re-exposure to the stimulus is key in circumstances where behaviour over technical skill is being trained.

Challenges that focus on developing particular skills (ie. armlocks only, attack from mount only) are best performed in blocks of three months. Generally speaking it takes around eight weeks of regular practice to develop a new level of competence in a skill and an additional two to four weeks to consolidate those gains.

Set Stakes

Stakes create accountability and accountability is the difference between a concrete goal and just wishful thinking.

Stakes can be as simple as telling people who are to call you out if they see you doing anything different but remember that consequences work better than rewards so plan accordingly. It is far more effective to know that you will have to buy your training partner lunch if you fail than to get a free lunch if you succeed.

Appropriate stakes make a huge difference to how likely you are to finish a challenge or complete a goal. Without stakes the average rate of success is around 33%, whereas the average success rate with stakes is just over 72%.

The Three Phases of Technical Skill Development

February 23, 2023

When it comes to learning techniques and developing skill most people massively overestimate what they can achieve in 5 weeks and massively underestimate what they can achieve in 5 years. This largely comes from a misconception of what it is to be skilful, a lack of patience with the process and fundamentally failing to know what that process should be.

First, we should understand the difference between techniques and skills:

Techniques are specific, explicit and discrete.

Skills are general, implicit and open.

Techniques are not skills but you can become more skilful in the application of your technique. For example, an armbar from closed guard is a technique; Performing armbars from guard is a skill.

Gaining proficiency in a technique can take anywhere up to eight weeks but becoming skilful in the application of that technique is an ongoing and arguably never ending process.

The process that begins with gaining proficiency and continues into long term skill development has three primary phrases – Accumulation, Intensification and Transformation.

Accumulation is the period that is focused gaining proficiency with the technique and, as such, you should mostly be concerned with getting your reps in, learning the primary mechanics of the technique and how to apply them in a live environment. Effective training strategies for this stage include getting in some extra repetitions before and after classes, frequently attempting to “hit the move” in sparring and, most obviously, receiving formal instruction on the technique from a knowledgeable coach.

Intensification is the phase that will take you beyond being merely proficient in a technique to being truly skilful in its application. Here you will develop a series of heuristics and begin to move towards the ability to apply the technique intuitively. This stage should be characterised by lots of specific sparring focused around different aspects of the technique and regular troubleshooting sessions with coaches and training partners.

Transformation is the stage where the technique is almost fully autonomous in execution and adjustments to timing, speed, power, angle, balance and leverage are all made completely intuitively. Your training at this phase is more focused on transferring the new skill acquired by developing this technique to other areas of your game and exploring/exploiting the reactions of your opponents in their attempt to deal with your new skill.

Sadly many people tend to stop at the accumulation phase and prize developing a surface level understanding of a multitude of techniques over developing true skill.

It should also be noted that skill in a given domain is frequently acquired without learning any distinct techniques but techniques cannot be effective without skill.

How To Take Notes Like A Black Belt

November 17, 2022

Note taking is one of the most effective yet underused tools available to a martial artist or athlete to convert diverse and excessive information into precise action and follow-up.

It is – by far – my most frequently recommended exercise to improve skill development outside of physical training. As a note taking tragic, I am happy just to see someone taking notes but there are a few best practices you can employ to really turbo charge the effects.

First, notes to aid recall of information (like online instruction or a lecture) should be made at the time the information is received or immediately after. For best effect, this should be reviewed the next day and reviewed and refined seven days later or once the module of study is complete.

Notes to consolidate physical practice (like a jiu jitsu class) should ideally be made the day after training and then reviewed and refined seven days later.

Second, I recommend having two types of note books – a general, day to day book that gets used for scribbling down notes on the first pass and other, topic specific notebooks to record that information once it has been reviewed, condensed and consolidated.

Your daily notebook can be as organised or as disorganised as you prefer. This book is more about having a place to collect information and thoughts.

Topic specific notebooks should be clearly organised. These books are for the clear and concise breakdown of information and should be formatted in a way that makes that easy to do.

Leave a page or two so you will be able to create a table of contents. Every time you make a new entry to your notebook simply title and/or number it and then add a corresponding reference to your contents page.

When making the notes themselves, write the key points and topics on the left hand page and the minor details and explanatory notes on the right. Try to keep everything to short bullet points rather than make long hand, journaling style entries; the goal of this form of note taking is to condense information into small, easily manageable chunks.

Making notes is about imposing structure on information for increased retention and better understanding – not developing rote recitation of someone else’s description or phrases.

The act of note taking is what provides the primary benefit. You might never refer back to your notes once the review period is concluded and there would be little difference in utility between yourself and someone who refers back to their notes frequently.

Training BJJ – Managing Good and Bad Days On The Mats.

August 16, 2020

After any BJJ training session it’s pretty common to hear people talking about having had a good or bad day of training.

In any difficult long term pursuit – such as learning music or a martial art – you will experience an ebb and flow to the perceived quality of your training. Annoyingly, the most effective training strategies are also the most frustrating as they force you to continually butt up against the limit of your abilities and face failure over and over. And while I often have to gently let beginning athletes know that they are simply not yet good enough to be disappointed by their performance, the better you get the more aware you become of the gulf between the ideal execution and your performance. All of this adds up over time to athletes facing a training existence in which there is more perceived failure (uncomfortable growth) than perceived success (comfortable attainment).

This makes it extremely important that athletes do not attach a moral component to quality of their training. It is vital for continued long term development that you realise that there are no “good” or “bad” training days – there are just training days.

When you think of training days as good or bad it creates two distinct problems. First, it makes it difficult to reflect on training sessions and instead encourages you to label a training session as “good” or “bad” and simply leave it at that. Reflecting on training sessions is a key part of skill acquisition as it helps you determine which elements of your performance worked well and which need extra attention. Second, as effective training is essentially an uncomfortable experience it is easy to chalk up more days as being “bad” and become disillusioned.

It’s an easy trap to fall into – just last week I was having a Jiu Jitsu training session where I was almost completely failing to perform on any level. I was forgetting to grip fight properly, barely remembered to pummel my legs to defend guard passes and managed my breathing so badly I ended up with a spasming diaphragm. Afterwards I was angry and disappointed with myself – I thought I had not only wasted my own time but my training partners’ time as well.

I had had a “bad” training session.

However, when I was able to catch that thought and free myself from it the session was transformed from a “bad” one to an informative one. I realised I had to take my age more into account when training (turns out that warming up, cooling down completely and then jumping straight into hard rolling is no longer easy for me) and I had a genuine insight into a grip fighting strategy. Also, my training partners didn’t care in the slightest that I was performing poorly and were more concerned with my health than anything else.

The way you perceive your training will change over time but if you can discipline yourself to look at each session from an educational stand point your development will be better for it. One of the best ways to do this is to practice reframing any “bad” session with the Why How Then method.

Ask yourself why you feel the way you do about the training session

Try determine how this was happening.

Then think about what you can do about it.

When going through this exercise it’s important to keep things technical and not to make any judgments about yourself or your skills.

For example –

Why am I feeling angry about my last training session?

CORRECT – My guard kept getting passed.

INCORRECT – Cause I suck.

How was my guard getting passed?

CORRECT – My opponents were able to easily grab my pants and Toreando pass.

INCORRECT – Cause my guard sucks.

Then what can I do to stop my pants getting grabbed?

CORRECT – I can control my opponent’s sleeves earlier in the match. Failing that I could establish a far cross collar grip to better control distance.

INCORRECT – Nothing. My guard sucks, my jiu jitsu sucks and I suck. (Begin eating ice cream straight from the tub while weeping).

Achieving a high skill of development is a long term process of repeated knowledge acquisition, application and review. Labelling particular training sessions as “good” or “bad” adds nothing to this process and can actively detract from it. Treat every session as a step forward towards your goal and it is more likely to be the case.

How To Spar – A Guide For Athletes and Coaches.

March 26, 2020

Whether it’s for Boxing, Kickboxing or MMA sparring should be one of the most important and enjoyable aspects of training. Unfortunately it is also easily the most incorrectly applied. Learning how to spar should not be a survival of the fittest situation. Ideally, learning how to spar should be fun, safe and accessible to anyone willing to put in the work.

In this article I cover some general concepts to apply to your training and then the exact progression I use to take anyone from zero sparring experience all the way to full Performance Sparring rounds.

Do Not Mistake Training For Competing Or Competing For Fighting.

The purpose of training is to improve.

The purpose of competition is to win.

The purpose of fighting is to survive or protect.

Sparring is a part of training therefore the primary purpose of sparring is to improve your own and your training partner’s skills. You should be able to move and act deliberately – If you are going so hard that you can’t think, then you can’t learn.

Over time the intensity at which you can train while remaining deliberate will increase. What is a high level of intensity for you today should become a low level in the future.

80% Speed And 20% Power.

Sparring with heavy levels of contact – or “hard sparring” – is often equated as being superior to sparring in a more controlled fashion. Nothing could be further from the truth. When you spar with moderate or light levels of contact you are able register your mistakes without being unduly punished for them. This enables you to spar more creatively, take risks you might otherwise shy away from and work on parts of your game that would otherwise take years to develop. It also allows you to spar more often as the recovery between sessions takes significantly less time.

It is important to note that I am not advocating non contact sparring. There is a world of difference between practicing striking your training partner with control and practicing missing your training partner.

So while regular hard sparring is terrible for developing your skills and, more importantly, your health you don’t want the first time you get hit hard to be during a bout or in a self defence situation. This is where acclimatisation drills come in. Specific acclimatisation drills are an excellent method of introducing high levels of force to your training. These drills are significantly safer than participating in hard sparring matches and allow athletes to progress at their own level. They come in many forms but the most common is to have two athletes perform tennis match style sparring (see below) with a set combination of punches that the receiving athlete defends and can then ask their partner to deliver next combo with more, less or the same amount of force.

Performance Sparring vs Sparring For Development.

In a Performance Sparring session you are practicing using all of your techniques, tactics and strategies to put in the best performance possible. When sparring for development you are practicing a specific technique, tactic or strategy in order to further develop that skill.

Both types of training are very important to perform regularly. Generally speaking, an athlete should spend about 75% of their sparring time sparring for development and 25% sparring for performance. If they are preparing for a bout this should gradually move towards a 75% emphasis on performance sparring over the course of the fight camp.

Most important of all is to come into every round with a clear purpose in mind and then hold yourself accountable to that intent.

Work At Your Partner’s Level.

Working at your partner’s level is an excellent way of ensuring your sparring match is a positive training experience for both you and your training partner. As previously stated, training is not about winning but about improving so if you can learn to spar in such a way that you can improve regardless of the skill or athleticism of you partner you will have found the key to life long learning.

When training with someone with more experience than you attack as skilfully as you can and prepare to work on your defence.

When training with someone with less experience than you attempt your least developed techniques. Allow your partner to attack and endeavour to counter.

When training with someone who has similar experience to you spar as best you can focusing on proper body mechanics, techniques and strategies.

Listen To Your Coach.

Learning to act on the instructions your coach or your corner is giving you is something that takes time and practice. You can start by trying to keep in mind the directions and advice your coach and senior training partners have given you. Watch and study them as much as possible when trying to improve and advance. Take advantage of their experience. Where you are, they have been.

Give Your Training Partner Everything.

Give your best effort to your partner throughout the entire sparring match. As mentioned previously, this doesn’t mean you should go as hard as you can but instead means you should be putting forward genuine and sincere effort for the entire round. Whether there are three minutes or three seconds remaining in the round you should be working and you should never give up a match half way through because you are disheartened or tired.

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Progression

Shoulder Sparring

This is almost like playing a one on one game of tag. The goal is to tag your opponent on the front or side of their shoulders without getting tagged in return. Both athletes must maintain a good fighting stance throughout except that their arms should hang loosely down by their waist. Athletes defend themselves purely through footwork or body movement – no catching or deflecting with their arms.

Tennis Match Sparring

In a game of tennis two players take turns hitting a ball back and forth and tennis match sparring works much the same way. In this sparring game two athletes go strike for strike or combo for combo, back and forth through out the round and it’s not permitted to attack while it is your training partner’s turn. Emphasise movement, angles and proper distancing throughout.

Tennis Match Sparring With Counters

This is identical to the previous stage of progression except that during your opponent’s turn to attack you may attempt a single counter strike.

Limited Sparring

Both athletes can attack at any time but either the type of strikes or the available targets are restricted. For example you might run with jabs only or body shots only. The possibilities for this stage of progression is pretty much limited only by your imagination.

Open Sparring

All strikes and strategies permitted.

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While this is by no means a comprehensive list it does include each of the major milestones that an athlete must progress through in order to be a safe and skilful sparring partner.

Self Defence: Is Your Martial Art Up To It?

April 17, 2018

One of the most common reasons for starting a martial art is the desire to learn some self defence.

This initial reason often gives way after a short amount of time training to motivations more suitable to maintaining the discipline of long term training. These reasons range from love of the art, to love of the community and even all the way to love of the way you look when you train regularly.

But the desire to learn to defend yourself is still what caused you to buy into martial arts training in the first place and the sad fact is that not all martial arts that claim to teach self defence skills are capable of living up to the marketing.

So what makes a martial art suitable for developing realistic self defence skills?

Studying a functional martial art – that is, a martial art whose training regularly involves live & realistic sparring in which an opponent is actively challenging you – is a great foundation. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Wrestling, Judo, Boxing and Muay Thai are all excellent examples of a functional martial art.

These martial arts have the advantage of also being combat sports. Training for a sport, whether or not you end up competing, means becoming an athlete. Athletes become used to facing and overcoming adversity; Athletes become used to pushing, striving and driving towards a goal; Athletes are used to getting up when the chips are down.

That said, it’s still important to understand that sparring or competing – however unrestricted the rule set – is different from a self defence scenario.

There are a number of factors which are unique to self defence but none of them involve the use of techniques that are “too dangerous” to apply in training or competition. Eye gouging, fish hooking and groin shots aren’t the silver bullets that turn the ineffective fighter into a capable martial artist. Yes, they are illegal techniques in the majority of combat sports but this is because there is a significant difference between someone who has completed a two hour self defence workshop trying to stick their fingers in your eyes and a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu purple belt holding you down and deciding to blind you.

To misquote Watchmen – The rules aren’t there to protect me from you, they’re there to protect you from me.

The differences are more to do with the uncertainty, the unpredictability and the chaos of a “real fight”.

When sparring or competing there is a defined start and end to a fight – there is no uncertainty to when, how long or even if you should fight.

When sparring or competing it is predetermined where, who with and under what rules a fight takes place – there is nothing unpredictable about the environment.

When sparring or competing your opponent is likely to behave in a way that prioritises their own health and safety and attack with an effective, efficient style – there is none of the chaos of an emotional assailant.

Self defence situations feature many of the same skillsets developed by sparring but behave in a manner that is radically different.

The plus side is that these differences are easy to train for once they have been identified. Situational awareness, pre-fight scenarios, disengagement strategies, chaotic movements, weapons, multiple opponents are all things you can train to deal with in a safe and realistic fashion so if it is of interest to you, you can easily integrate it into your training.

Just don’t do it too often – it makes you weird.

Seriously.

There’s a line that separates caution from paranoia and regular, specific self defence training is a real easy way to leap head first over that line.

Fundamentally, when it comes to self defence, mindset trumps technique. Someone who is determined, who can push through pain and chase a goal is the most likely to successfully navigate a self defence situation.

The Six Practices of Being an Athlete

March 12, 2018

See to it that you temper yourself with one thousand days of practice, and refine yourself with ten thousand days of training.
– Miyamoto Musashi

Athletic Practice

Your sport or art should obviously be the primary component of these six practices. The key here is to understand that your athletic practice is the most important aspect of all your training. If you are interested in being a legitimate athlete then focus is genuinely required.

To quote coach extraordinaire, Dan John, “The goal is to keep the goal, the goal.”

If you have an element of your training or lifestyle that is interfering with your ability to train or perform your sport or art you have to decide what your focus is going to be.

You should be training or performing in your athletic practice 4 to 6 days a week.

Strength and Power Practice

The poor implementation of a strength and power practice is by far the largest and most common impediment in an athletes development.

Too many people consider the barbell a test of mettle rather than as a tool of training.

The goal of this practice is to become strong and powerful for the kind of athlete that you are and not in some kind of general or absolute sense. This means that roller derby skaters need to be strong compared to other skaters but not necessarily when compared to powerlifters or gymnasts.

The bottom line is that what you do in this practice should support – not hamper – what you do on the mat, field, track or ring.

Ideally your strength and power practice should be overseen by a knowledgeable and experienced strength coach. If a personal coach is not an option for you I recommend researching Jim Wendler’s 5/3/1 program or Pavel Tsatsouline’s Power to the People program.

You should be implementing your strength and power practice 2 to 5 days a week.

Nutrition Practice

People often act like proper nutrition is some kind of complicated black magic or quantum level science but unless you have a severe or rare metabolic disease nutrition can be boiled down to two simple rules.

1. Eat like a fucking adult.
2. Don’t kid yourself.

If you can do this you are already out performing 90% of the population.

Eat like a fucking adult.
Eat food.
Eat real food.

Real food doesn’t come out of a can, or a box or a bag. Real food goes off.

No one over the age of 12 really thinks that nutri grain is ironman food or that diet coke is a healthy choice.

Eat vegetables for health.
Eat meat for strength.
Eat carbs for recovery.

Don’t kid yourself.
You know that pizza and beer aren’t getting you closer to your goals.

And the problem is not that you should *never* consume pizza and beer. The problem is that you pretend that because you ordered a gluten free base and low carb beer that you are somehow still eating well when what you actually did was fuck up a perfectly good meal.

Movement Practice

Repeated movement patterns take a toll and the more specific and intense your athletic practice the more specific and intense stress is placed upon your body.

If longevity in your sport and maintaining a pain free day to day life are among your goals (and they should be) then these issues should be addressed by maintaining a movement practice as a part of your schedule.

Stretch what is too tight, open what is too closed and stabilise what is too loose. This can be as simple as going through a mobility routine – like DeFranco’s Agile 8 – three or four times a week or beginning a full blown yoga practice.

Meditation Practice

A meditation practice is an incredibly powerful tool for improving all areas of your life especially your athletic performance.

We’ve all had those experiences of getting into the “zone” or hitting our “flow”. Matches or performances where time seems to slow down and our ability to think, move and react seems limitless. We recognise the advantage of this state but hardly anyone actually trains to deliberately enter into it.

As athletes we are obsessed with training our bodies but so few of us put the effort in to train our minds.

The “zone” is really nothing more than consistent mindfulness. The ability to remain in and focus on the present moment without distraction.

Regular meditative practices cause actual structural changes in the brain. Just ten minutes a day can improve your will power and decision making capabilities; increase your focus and decrease your stress.

Ten minutes a day, everyday.

Developing a meditation practice doesn’t necessarily mean that you’ll end up sitting in the lotus position, wearing flowers and talking in the breathy, hushed tones of someone who just finished a three day yoga instructor course.

To get started try the Headspace app, google ‘daily journaling’ or click here.

Lifestyle Practice

Your lifestyle practice is primarily about making sure you stay physically, mentally and emotionally healthy. By necessity training environments tend to be fairly insular and it’s easy to fall into the pattern of eat, sleep, train, repeat. While this makes for some neat tee shirts the reality is that it’s an expressway to injury and burnout.

The specifics of a happy and healthy lifestyle are unique to each person but there are few general principles that will always apply.

Get enough good quality sleep.
Have interests outside your athletic practice.
Spend time with people.
Spend time by yourself.
Spend time simply playing.

How To Master Any Technique

February 26, 2018

1. Learn the broad strokes.

When you begin learning a new technique it’s easy to get lost in a virtual sea of detail and nuance. At this stage of the learning process don’t worry about these smaller details but instead focus on breaking the technique down into three to five key steps.

These key steps are your points of emphasis.

When you are practicing the technique be sure to pause at each of these points and really “lock” the step into place. Tighten up the step as much as possible making sure that each of your limbs, including your head, is where it is meant to be.

Which brings us to the next step…

2. Learn precisely where your legs, arms and head should be for each of these steps.

Whether we are cleaning our teeth, flicking a lightswitch or chopping onions the point of contact to our task is typically our hands. As such, whenever we interact with the world we tend to think about it in terms of what we are doing with our hands.

Complex tasks though – like nearly every technique found in Jiu Jitsu – are full body affairs.

It is especially important to train yourself to be specifically aware of the positioning of each of your legs and head. The positioning of your legs greatly influences your ability to use your hips and the position of your head reveals the alignment of your spine. Correct positioning of the hips and alignment of the spine maximises your ability to apply force while minimising effort.

3. Drill the technique against resistance.

Once you can move through the technique reasonably accurately and smoothly introduce some resistance to your repetitions. This doesn’t mean that you should jump straight to trying to execute the technique in full on rolling – you need to find a way of adding progressive resistance while performing specific repetitions.

There are many ways of doing this but there are two which are particularly effective and easy to do. The first is simply to have your partner start applying a very light amount of resistance and every time you successfully perform the technique apply more resistance on the next repetition. If they escape or defend the technique for a significant amount of time then they apply less resistance on the next repetition. The second is for your partner to start applying resistance at a particular stage of the technique; Start at the last step and, as you successfully finish the technique, work back towards the first step.

4. Add details.

Working the technique against some resistance should have provided you with some questions; Is there a particular stage or way in which you fail to finish the technique? Are you struggling to finish the technique against people of a particular size or rank?

Provided that you are still correctly executing each major step of the technique getting these questions answered – usually by asking someone more knowledgeable than yourself or through trial and error – will let you know which of the many smaller details to focus on.

5. Start trying the technique against progressively better and larger opponents in free rolling.

Start with small white belts and work towards successfully executing the technique on large black belts. Whenever you encounter a recurring problem go back to steps three and four.

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If you can get to the point where you can successfully and regularly pull off the technique against brown and black belts while rolling you are very, very good at it.

But we’re talking about mastery.

Mastering a technique is something beyond very, very good. Mastery implies a level of understanding that exceeds technical detail and nuance.

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6. Alter your perspective.

Looking at a technique the same way as everybody else is a sure fire way to limit potential – both yours and that of the technique itself.

Be aware of the typical patterns your mind falls into and try to break out through conscious effort.

Working on a sweep? Try thinking about how you would approach it as a throw or takedown.

A submission? Practice it like you would a position.

7. Contribute.

If you are genuinely on the road to mastery then by this stage odds are good that there is something you do in the execution of this technique that is different from how it is typically performed. Whether it is a new entry, a change of angle or a grip placed in a new location there is something that improves either the effectiveness of the efficiency of the technique and it’s now a case of recognising and defining what you do that is different and why.

8. Simplify.

The mark of a master is simplicity. The ability to take everything learnt over the previous seven steps and boil it down to three to five key points denotes genuine knowledge and understanding. This is the same as step one but with the key difference of the experience of the months and years you have spent studying, practicing and training.

These key points might be different from the ones you started with in step one or they might be the same but with a different emphasis.

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The Best Supplements for Training

October 9, 2017

A while back I republished a new and updated version of the popular article “The Best Supplements for General Health” where I focussed on discussing which supplements were useful in building a foundation of good overall health. They were simple vitamins, minerals and fats that help with immunity, energy levels and general well being.

This time around I want to look at some supplements that will help you get the most out of your training without breaking any laws or taking any undue health risks – nothing here will land you in jail or the hospital if you use them as described.

As always – It is important to note that I am not a doctor, and I don’t pretend to be one on the internet. If you are pregnant, have a chronic condition or are taking medication, you should consult a physician before commencing any supplementation regime.

Branch Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

Branch Chain Amino Acids are made up Valine, Leucine and Iso-Leucine and can help promote muscle protein synthesis, increase muscle growth, regulate blood sugar levels and prevent muscle catabolism.

BCAAs are also an excellent way of managing appetite during weight cuts as your liver can convert 8g – 12g of BCAAs into just enough blood glucose to alleviate cravings without slowing fat loss.

Some people also experience a reduction in fatigue while supplementing with BCAAs but the jury is still out on whether this is a placebo or a genuine physiological effect. At the time of writing most journals and text books refer to this as a reduction in “perceived fatigue”.

While research does seem to indicate that Leucine is the most beneficial of the three, clinical trials have found no advantage to either isolating or increasing the ratio of the acid in the supplement so you are probably best off consuming a balanced ratio.

A dose of 10g to 30g depending on your size and activity levels is pretty standard. Branch Chain Amino Acids are best consumed before or during training and quantities larger than 10g should be split into two or three doses for maximum effect.

Creatine

Creatine helps regenerate a molecule called Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) which is what your body uses for energy in practically every physical process from muscle contraction to cellular regeneration. Basically, whenever an ATP molecule is ‘used’ it loses a phosphate becoming Adenosine Di-Phosphate (ADP) which cannot be used as a fuel source unless it is converted back into ATP. This is where Creatine comes to the rescue – by donating its phosphate group to the ADP, Creatine reforms it back into ATP refilling your body’s energy stores. Supplementing your body’s own Creatine allows this process to go on for longer that it would otherwise enabling you to train longer and harder.

Also, as Creatine itself is also a fuel source for short duration, high intensity anaerobic activities (like weightlifting and sprinting) supplementation can result in performance increases.

If potential weight gain is not a concern for you I would recommend taking 5g in the morning before any training and 5g in the evening before you go to sleep. If you participate in a sport where weight has to be factored into the equation just take the 5g in the morning.

At this dose Creatine must be taken daily for two to four weeks before it is likely that you will see the full benefit. You can speed up this process by starting with a loading phase where you ingest 20g daily for five days before dialling back to the recommended daily dose of 10g but this can cause gastro intestinal distress in some people.

Finally, I would recommend cycling off Creatine for one week every six weeks or so and for one full month every year. Supplementing Creatine will increase your body’s natural stores for a short period but after a while your body will get used to receiving this extra Creatine and down regulate its own production as a result. Regularly cycling off Creatine for short periods of time will help mitigate this effect.

Protein Powder

These days more and more people are over fed but under nourished and the thing missing from the majority of athletes’ diets is sufficient protein. While bodybuilding magazines tend to recommend a daily protein intake somewhere in the vicinity of 2.5g per kilo of bodyweight, studies and experience indicate somewhere between 1.2g and 1.7g is probably sufficient unless your goal is to put on substantial amounts of mass.

While it’s nearly always better to get your protein from whole foods like meat and eggs the sheer convenience of a protein shake makes it an easy way to ensure you are consuming sufficient protein.

There are a couple of important things to look out for when purchasing protein powder. First, when you are drinking a protein shake you want to be taking in protein and not a bunch of sugar so try to find a brand that has at least 22g of protein and less than 5g of carbohydrate per 30g serving.

Secondly there is the type of protein to consider. While there are a bunch of different types, blends and brands they generally fall into one of three categories.

Whey Protein Isolate or Whey Protein Concentrate: Whey protein is a fast acting protein whose rapid absorption causes the blood’s amino acid levels to rise extremely quickly making it an ideal post training supplement. While there are differences between Isolate and Concentrate if you follow the above recommendation regarding purity they are basically minimised to the point of non-existence.

Casein: Casein protein is slow acting and its effects long lasting making it better suited to being a meal replacement than for post training recovery. During periods of training where significant mass gain is the goal a Casein protein shake before bed can aid in muscle growth and recovery.

Plant Based: These are best used if you have a dairy intolerance and cannot make use of either of the above options. While there are many, many, many types of plant based protein powders I would recommend finding a blend of rice and pea; it has a fairly neutral taste and two combined covers the shortfall found in just taking either one individually.

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There you have it. No magic or secret pills with guarantees of “XtremE” gains in a shockingly short amount of time just three simple supplements which, if used correctly, should help you train a little harder, recover a little faster and perform a little better.